1. When Keys Are Pressed A Keyboard Controller Generates Output Definition
2. When Keys Are Pressed A Keyboard Controller Generates Output In Word
3. When Keys Are Pressed A Keyboard Controller Generates Outputs

Pressing and Releasing Keys. Using keyboard.press we can press keys and with keyboard.release we can release a key. This allows us to type a key by pressing and releasing. You can only supply this method with one key at a time. Here is an example of how to type the letter 'a'. Simply press any key to test it. Keyboard Checker the best online keyboard tester. Simply press any key on your keyboard to test it - if it works it will turn green. When keys are pressed, a keyboard controller generates output called a scan code, a one or two-byte data element representing a specific keyboard event. Then we learned about optical input devices. We saw that an optical scanner generates bitmap representations of printed images. Apr 15, 2011 I have a new Dell laptop with Vista home basic OS. My computer is, at random times, pressing the control key 'automatically' on me, so to speak. For example, I will be typing text (in any program) and suddenly the short-cut associated with that letter appears, as if I had pressed the control key.

Windows Forms provides several options for programmatically simulating mouse and keyboard input. This topic provides an overview of these options.

Simulating Mouse Input

The best way to simulate mouse events is to call the OnEventName method that raises the mouse event you want to simulate. This option is usually possible only within custom controls and forms, because the methods that raise events are protected and cannot be accessed outside the control or form. For example, the following steps illustrate how to simulate clicking the right mouse button in code.

To programmatically click the right mouse button

1. Create a MouseEventArgs whose Button property is set to the MouseButtons.Right value.

2. Call the OnMouseClick method with this MouseEventArgs as the argument.

For more information on custom controls, see Developing Windows Forms Controls at Design Time.

There are other ways to simulate mouse input. For example, you can programmatically set a control property that represents a state that is typically set through mouse input (such as the Checked property of the CheckBox control), or you can directly call the delegate that is attached to the event you want to simulate.

Simulating Keyboard Input

Although you can simulate keyboard input by using the strategies discussed above for mouse input, Windows Forms also provides the SendKeys class for sending keystrokes to the active application.

Caution

If your application is intended for international use with a variety of keyboards, the use of SendKeys.Send could yield unpredictable results and should be avoided.

Note

The SendKeys class has been updated for the .NET Framework 3.0 to enable its use in applications that run on Windows Vista. The enhanced security of Windows Vista (known as User Account Control or UAC) prevents the previous implementation from working as expected.

The SendKeys class is susceptible to timing issues, which some developers have had to work around. The updated implementation is still susceptible to timing issues, but is slightly faster and may require changes to the workarounds. The SendKeys class tries to use the previous implementation first, and if that fails, uses the new implementation. As a result, the SendKeys class may behave differently on different operating systems. Additionally, when the SendKeys class uses the new implementation, the SendWait method will not wait for messages to be processed when they are sent to another process.

If your application relies on consistent behavior regardless of the operating system, you can force the SendKeys class to use the new implementation by adding the following application setting to your app.config file.

To force the SendKeys class to use the previous implementation, use the value 'JournalHook' instead.

To send a keystroke to the same application

1. Call the Send or SendWait method of the SendKeys class. The specified keystrokes will be received by the active control of the application. The following code example uses Send to simulate pressing the ENTER key when the user double-clicks the surface of the form. This example assumes a Form with a single Button control that has a tab index of 0.

To send a keystroke to a different application

1. Activate the application window that will receive the keystrokes, and then call the Send or SendWait method. Because there is no managed method to activate another application, you must use native Windows methods to force focus on other applications. The following code example uses platform invoke to call the FindWindow and SetForegroundWindow methods to activate the Calculator application window, and then calls SendWait to issue a series of calculations to the Calculator application.

   Note

   The correct parameters of the FindWindow call that locates the Calculator application vary based on your version of Windows. The following code finds the Calculator application on Windows 7. On Windows Vista, change the first parameter to 'SciCalc'. You can use the Spy++ tool, included with Visual Studio, to determine the correct parameters.

Example

The following code example is the complete application for the previous code examples.

Compiling the Code

This example requires:

• References to the System, System.Drawing and System.Windows.Forms assemblies.

See also

The package pynput.keyboard contains classes for controlling and monitoringthe keyboard.

Controlling the keyboard¶

Use pynput.keyboard.Controller like this:

Monitoring the keyboard¶

Use pynput.keyboard.Listener like this:

A keyboard listener is a threading.Thread, and all callbacks will beinvoked from the thread.

Call pynput.keyboard.Listener.stop from anywhere, or raisepynput.keyboard.Listener.StopException or return False from a callbackto stop the listener.

Starting a keyboard listener may be subject to some restrictions on yourplatform.

On Mac OSX, one of the following must be true:

• The process must run as root.
• Your application must be white listed under Enable access for assistivedevices. Note that this might require that you package your application,since otherwise the entire Python installation must be white listed.

On Windows, virtual events sent by other processes may not be received.This library takes precautions, however, to dispatch any virtual eventsgenerated to all currently running listeners of the current process.

Reference¶

A controller for sending virtual keyboard events to the system.

The exception raised when and invalid character is encountered inthe string passed to Controller.type().

Its first argument is the index of the character in the string, and thesecond the character.

The exception raised when and invalid key parameter is passed toeither Controller.press() or Controller.release().

Its first argument is the key parameter.

Whether altgr is pressed.

Whether any alt key is pressed.

Whether any ctrl key is pressed.

The currently pressed modifier keys.

Only the generic modifiers will be set; when pressing eitherKey.shift_l, Key.shift_r or Key.shift, onlyKey.shift will be present.

Use this property within a context block thus:

This ensures that the modifiers cannot be modified by another thread.

Presses a key.

A key may be either a string of length 1, one of the Keymembers or a KeyCode.

Strings will be transformed to KeyCode usingKeyCode.char(). Members of Key will be translated totheir value().

Executes a block with some keys pressed.

Releases a key.

A key may be either a string of length 1, one of the Keymembers or a KeyCode.

Strings will be transformed to KeyCode usingKeyCode.char(). Members of Key will be translated totheir value().

Whether any shift key is pressed, or caps lock is toggled.

Calls either press() or release() depending on the valueof is_press.

Types a string.

This method will send all key presses and releases necessary to typeall characters in the string.

A listener for keyboard events.

Instances of this class can be used as context managers. This is equivalentto the following code:

This class inherits from threading.Thread and supports all itsmethods. It will set daemon to True when created.

Whether the listener is currently running.

Start the thread’s activity.

It must be called at most once per thread object. It arranges for theobject’s run() method to be invoked in a separate thread of control.

This method will raise a RuntimeError if called more than once on thesame thread object.

Stops listening for mouse events.

When this method returns, no more events will be delivered.

Waits for this listener to become ready.

A class representing various buttons that may not correspond toletters. This includes modifier keys and function keys.

The actual values for these items differ between platforms. Some platformsmay have additional buttons, but these are guaranteed to be presenteverywhere.

A generic Alt key. This is a modifier.

The AltGr key. This is a modifier.

The left Alt key. This is a modifier.

The right Alt key. This is a modifier.

The Backspace key.

The CapsLock key.

A generic command button. On PC platforms, this corresponds to theSuper key or Windows key, and on Mac it corresponds to the Commandkey. This may be a modifier.

The left command button. On PC platforms, this corresponds to theSuper key or Windows key, and on Mac it corresponds to the Commandkey. This may be a modifier.

The right command button. On PC platforms, this corresponds to theSuper key or Windows key, and on Mac it corresponds to the Commandkey. This may be a modifier.

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A generic Ctrl key. This is a modifier.

The left Ctrl key. This is a modifier.

The right Ctrl key. This is a modifier.

The Delete key.

A down arrow key.

The End key.

The Enter or Return key.

The Esc key.

The function keys. F1 to F20 are defined.

The Home key.

The Insert key. This may be undefined for some platforms.

A left arrow key.

The Menu key. This may be undefined for some platforms.

The NumLock key. This may be undefined for some platforms.

The PageDown key.

The PageUp key.

The Pause/Break key. This may be undefined for some platforms.

The PrintScreen key. This may be undefined for some platforms.

A right arrow key.

The ScrollLock key. This may be undefined for some platforms.

A generic Shift key. This is a modifier.

The left Shift key. This is a modifier.

The right Shift key. This is a modifier.

The Space key.

When Keys Are Pressed A Keyboard Controller Generates Output Definition

The Tab key.

An up arrow key.

When Keys Are Pressed A Keyboard Controller Generates Output In Word

Creates a key from a character.

Creates a dead key.

When Keys Are Pressed A Keyboard Controller Generates Outputs

Creates a key from a virtual key code.

Applies this dead key to another key and returns the result.

Joining a dead key with space ('') or itself yields the non-deadversion of this key, if one exists; for example,KeyCode.from_dead('~').join(KeyCode.from_char('')) equalsKeyCode.from_char('~') andKeyCode.from_dead('~').join(KeyCode.from_dead('~')).