Rails Generates Credentials.yml.enc But Not Master.key

Posted on by

In Rails 5.2, encrypted credentails are stored in the file config/credentials.yml.enc. This is a single flat file which is encrypted by the key located in config/master.key. Rails 5.2 does not support storing credentials of different environments with different encryption keys. 新しく config/credentials.yml.enc を追加して一元管理できるようにして、環境に関係なく config/master.key か ENV'RAILSMASTERKEY' で復号化できるようにしようよ。 credentials.yml.enc は本番でのみ使われる想定だから、secrets.ymlみたいに環境毎に分割されたりしないよ。.

using Unicorn, Nginx, PostgreSQL, active_storage, Amazon S3. Combined summary of all guides.

💧 1. Basic Droplet/SSH Set Up

Create Droplet: Ubuntu 16.04

Your root password is e-mailed to you.

Create SSH Key [Guide]

Enter .ssh directory:

$ cd ~/.ssh

Generate Key:

$ ssh-keygen

Save DigitalOcean (DO) key with created key-password

$ ~/.ssh/id_do_mac

Save key-password in password manager

Add Public Key To Digital Ocean [Guide]

Copy public key to clip board:

$ cat ~/.ssh/id_do_mac.pub pbcopy

Add SSH Key to Digital Ocean Account Name MacOS:

Home>Security>Add SSH Key

💻 2. Initial Server Setup [Guide]

Credentials.yml.enc

Create Non Root User

Create deploy-password add to password manager.

Give deploy root privileges:

Add Public Key Auth to Your Server

Use already created local SSH key and add to the server.

Paste SSH Key to Deployed User's Authorized Keys

Change permissions back:

Remove Password Auth

Find: PasswordAuthentication change to

Rails

Reload: sudo systemctl reload sshd

Test Login: ssh deploy@server_ip

Add Firewall

💎 3. Install Ruby on Rails & rbenv [Guide]

Login as deploy (i.e. ssh deploy@server_ip or su - deploy)

Add dependencies, rbenv & rails

Install nodejs dependence for Asset Pipeline

Ruby + rbenv dependencies`

Add rbenv & ruby-build

Install ruby 2.5.0 & gems

ðŸx90˜ 4. Add PostgreSQL

Add dependencies:

Create user (this will be same user in your database.yml, username field for the production tag):

Set password for APPNAME

Save Postgres User and Password in password manager

🔑 5. Rails Encrypted Credentials & Active Storage

(for Database Keys, S3 and Secrets)

ON SERVER:

Install rbenv-vars for environment variable management.

ON LOCAL TERMINAL/PROJECT:

Generate config/master.key for Rails Encrypted Credentials by editing credentials

Adding Postgres Database

Add the postgres production database password to credentials.yml.enc.

Edit database.yml

Copy the RAILS_MASTER_KEY from config/master.key. Save RAILS_MASTER_KEY in Password Manager

ON SERVER:

Edit rbenv-vars to add the RAILS_MASTER_KEY (because Encrypted Credentials looks for ENV['RAILS_MASTER_KEY'])

Adding Amazon S3

  1. Create an S3 Access Key - Save ACCESS_KEY_ID and SECRET_ACCESS_KEY in Password Manager

ON LOCAL TERMINAL/PROJECT:

Add S3 Keys to Encrypted Credentials

Edit storage.yml

Add, Commit & Push Changes to Remote Repo

Rails Generates Credentials.yml.enc But Not Master.key One

ON SERVER:

Pull Git Repo with Rails app:

Build Database, and Production Environment

If test fails allow firewall to port 3000 temporarily1:

🦄 6. Installing Unicorn [Guide] OR [Passenger Phusion Guide]

Add gem 'unicorn' to Gemfile and bundle.

Edit config/unicorn.rb paste Appendix B: config/unicorn.rb

Save and add logging to Rails App:

Edit and add unicorn init script from Appendix C: Unicorn Init Script:

Ensure You Change APPNAME in Init Script to actual app

Update permissions for init script:

Run via:

If run fails and systemctl reveals little, ensure that you rbenv's installation added the RBENV_ROOT properly. Otherwise edit your deploy~/.profile file and add the following and resart the service.

🎡 7. Installing NGINX Reverse Proxy [Guide]

Add NGINX reverse proxy config with block in Appendix D: NGINX Reverse Proxy

Ensure You Change APPNAME in NGINX to actual app

Restart NGINX

🙀 8. Complete

Make sure you have all passwords: Appendix A: Inside Password Manager

All System Operational.

Appendix:

A. Inside Password Manager:

B. config/unicorn.rb

C. Unicorn Init Script

Replace APPNAME

D. NGINX Reverse Proxy

Replace APPNAME

Article Categories:#Code,#Back-end Engineering

Oct 14, 2019  Elcomsoft Phone Breaker 9.20.34624 Crack full registration code serial key with forensic edition quickly backup all of the iCloud data and also sync to secure everything into the Apple id. It supports most of the available iOS devices and uses a number of CPU and GPU. Elcomsoft phone password breaker license key. Apr 08, 2020  Formerly called Elcomsoft Phone Password Breaker is an excellent mobile access cracking tool for the encrypted (password-protected) backups of iOS, Windows Phone, Windows Mobile and BlackBerry smartphone or other mobile devices and obtain and analyze info from Apple iCloud. Elcomsoft Phone Breaker is the main legal instrument to obtain information put away in iCloud with or without Apple ID and secret key. No protracted assaults and no physical access to an iPhone gadget. Apr 08, 2020  Elcomsoft Phone Breaker License Key smartphone proves to be a reliable application that helps you to unlock Apple and BackBerry backups. And also as well as to recover files from the iCloud network. Elcomsoft Phone Breaker Full Version Free Download is one of the most advanced mobile forensic tools on the market.

Posted on

.

Keeping your credentials safe as a developer is extremely important. You don’t want to commit any sensitive information, like passwords or API keys, to your remote git repository as it can allow malicious users to access the services you are using.

The Good Ol’ Days

Since version 4.1, Rails has helped developers store their secrets by generating a new secrets.yml file in the config folder. By default, this file contains a SECRET_KEY_BASE that is used to “derive keys for encrypted cookies… [and] HMAC signed cookies.”[1] However, you could add additional keys to this file:

Once everything is saved, you could access it via Rails.application.secrets.secret_api_key. This way, you could store your secret credentials in a single file and simply make sure that secrets.yml is part of your .gitignore.

The release of Rails 5.1 added another file named secrets.yml.enc to allow for encrypting your secret credentials, but this caused some confusion. The combination of config/secrets.yml, config/secrets.yml.enc, and SECRET_KEY_BASE made it so it wasn’t clear where secrets should be stored and what the relevance of SECRET_KEY_BASE was [2] .

A New Beginning

With this confusion in mind, Rails released version 5.2 and created an entirely new way to store your secret credentials that I will walk you through.

First, make sure you install the newest version of Rails by running:

This ensures that the Rails Gem you install is the most up to date (you can find the most recent release of Rails on the official RubyGems page[3]). After doing so, when you create a new Rails project, you should see two files in your config folder:

  • credentials.yml.enc is an encrypted file that will contain all your secret credentials. Your private API keys and passwords will all be stored in this file, all encrypted. Since this file is encrypted, it is safe to push this to a remote git repository or a server.
  • master.key is a file containing your encryption key. Without this file or if it is modified, Rails will not be able to read your credentials stored in credentials.yml.enc. This file should NOT be pushed to a git repo or any server as it can be used to decrypt credentials.yml.enc and someone can steal sensitive information.

You must be wondering, how do I add my secret credentials to credentials.yml.enc if it is encrypted? Well, you need to go into your command line interface and run:

Without the --wait flag, your credentials.yml.enc will be saved immediately without giving you the chance to edit. Also, you can replace “subl” with the command line shortcut to whatever your favorite text-editor is (in this case, the command above will open credentials.yml.enc in Sublime since I’ve made the shortcut available). Now, you can edit and store new credentials in YAML format, save the file, and Rails will automatically re-encrypt credentials.yml.enc for you. You can access these secret credentials at any point in your application by using:

And you’re good to go! If you do not want to redefine your EDITOR everytime you want to edit your credentials, simply add to your shell profile:

Now, all you need to do to edit your credentials is run:

Heroku and other Deployment Strategies

If you’re deploying your app to Heroku, the encryption key from master.key is stored in an entirely different way. Heroku allows you to add special configuration variables in the Settings tab of your app’s dashboard. There, you can add a new config variable called RAILS_MASTER_KEY and paste the encryption key into the space provided. Once saved, the Rails application is smart enough to detect that the master key is stored as a config variable to decrypt your secret credentials.

The underlying technology of this method is that Heroku is setting an environment variable that Rails can access via ENV[“RAILS_MASTER_KEY”]. Therefore, to store your master key on other remote servers, you just have to save the encryption key as an environment variable.

Collaboration

Rails Generates Credentials.yml.enc But Not Master.key Time

What if you need to share your master.key with other developers working on your team or project? Simply sending a message containing the special key over spaces like Slack isn’t safe and ultimately isn’t good practice. That’s why password management is a giant field of its own and there are a multitude of ways to securely share your credentials with trusted people. Two services I personally use are 1Password and OneTimeSecret.

Rails Generates Credentials.yml.enc But Not Master.key Lyrics

1Password is a secure password manager that allows users to store any kind of credentials: passwords, API keys, software licenses, etc. In fact, 1Password allows organizations to get in on it so team members can securely share a pool of sensitive information amongst everyone on their team.

Rails Generates Credentials.yml.enc But Not Master.key Download

OneTimeSecret is more for quickly sharing credentials with your team and less for long-term storage like 1Password. You can generate a secret link, password-protected or not, that will contain the sensitive information once opened. However, there’s a catch! Once you open the link for the first time, you should store the given information somewhere more secure as you cannot open the link ever again. Also, the secret-holder can set an expiry time on the link so you have a certain timeframe to retrieve the secret information and store it in another location.

Now, you know how to safely store credentials and reduce the risk of unauthorized access!

Rails Generates Credentials.yml.enc But Not Master.key Name

References:

  • [1]: https://medium.com/@michaeljcoyne/understanding-the-secret-key-base-in-ruby-on-rails-ce2f6f9968a1
  • [2]: https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/30006
  • [3]: https://rubygems.org/gems/rails